Utilizzo delle mascherine negli ambienti pubblici per ridurre il contagio da SARS-COV-2
Position Statement GIMBE
Utilizzo delle mascherine negli ambienti pubblici per ridurre il contagio da SARS-COV-2
Fondazione GIMBEEvidence 2020;12(6): e1000210 doi: 10.4470/E1000210
Pubblicato: 4 agosto 2020
Copyright: Š 2020 Fondazione GIMBE Questo è un articolo open-access, distribuito con licenza Creative Commons Attribution, che ne consente lâutilizzo, la distribuzione e la riproduzione su qualsiasi supporto esclusivamente per fini non commerciali, a condizione di riportare sempre autore e citazione originale.
1. Fondazione GIMBE. Pandemia Coronavirus. Disponibile a: https://coronavirus.gimbe.org. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
2. Fondazione GIMBE. Mascherina per tutti? La scienza dice sĂŹ. Evidence 2020;12(4): e1000208. Disponibile a: www.evidence.it/mascherine. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
3. World Health Organisation. Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19. Disponibile a: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/332293/WHO-2019-nCov-IPC_Masks-2020.4-eng.pdf. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
4. Bourouiba L. Turbulent Gas Clouds and Respiratory Pathogen Emissions: Potential Implications for Reducing Transmission of COVID-19 [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 26]. JAMA.
5. Verma S, Dhanak M, Frankenfield J. Visualizing the effectiveness of face masks in obstructing respiratory jets. Phys Fluids (1994). 2020;32(6):061708.
6. Morawska L, Cao J. Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: The world should face the reality. Environ Int. 2020;139:105730.
7. Leclerc QJ, Fuller NM, Knight LE; CMMID COVID-19 Working Group, Funk S, Knight GM. What settings have been linked to SARS-CoV-2 transmission clusters?. Wellcome Open Res. 2020;5:83.
8. Prather KA, Wang CC, Schooley RT. Reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Science 2020;368:1422â4.
9. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Transmission of COVID-19. Disponibile a: www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/latest-evidence/transmission. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
10. Offeddu V, Yung CF, Low MSF, Tam CC. Effectiveness of Masks and Respirators Against Respiratory Infections in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65:1934-1942.
11. Chou R, Dana T, Jungbauer R, Weeks C, McDonagh MS. Masks for Prevention of Respiratory Virus Infections, Including SARS-CoV-2, in Health Care and Community Settings: A Living Rapid Review [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 24]. Ann Intern Med. 2020;M20-3213. Disponibile a: www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M20-3213. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
12. Perski O, Simons D, West R, Michie S. Face masks to prevent community transmission of viral respiratory infections: A rapid evidence review using Bayesian analysis. Qeios 2020 May 1. Disponibile a: www.qeios.com/read/1SC5L4. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
13. Chu DK, Akl EA, Duda S, Solo K, Yaacoub S, SchĂźnemann HJ, et al. Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2020;395:1973â87.
14. Payne DC, Smith-Jeffcoat SE, Nowak G, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Serologic Responses from a Sample of U.S. Navy Service Members â USS Theodore Roosevelt, April 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:714â721. Disponibile a: www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6923e4.htm. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
15. Mitze T, Kosfeld R, Rode J, Wälde K. Unmasked! The effect of face masks on the spread of COVID-19. VoxEU.org, 22 June 2020. Disponibile a: https://voxeu.org/article/unmasked-effect-face-masks-spread-covid-19. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
16. Zangmeister CD, Radney JG, Vicenzi EP, Weaver JL. Filtration Efficiencies of Nanoscale Aerosol by Cloth Mask Materials Used to Slow the Spread of SARS-CoV-2. ACS Nano 2020;14(7): 9188-9200. Disponibile a: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.0c05025. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
17. sarah.henderson@nist.gov. Face Coverings Made From Layered Cotton Fabric Likely Slow the Spread of COVID-19 Better Than Synthetics, New Study Finds. NIST. 2020. Disponibile a: www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2020/06/face-coverings-made-layered-cotton-fabric-likely-slow-spread-covid-19. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
18. MacIntyre CR, Seale H, Dung TC, Hien NT, Nga PT, Chughtai AA, et al. A cluster randomised trial of cloth masks compared with medical masks in healthcare workers. BMJ Open 2015;5:e006577.
19. Konda A, Prakash A, Moss GA, Schmoldt M, Grant GD, Guha S. Aerosol Filtration Efficiency of Common Fabrics Used in Respiratory Cloth Masks. ACS Nano. 2020 May 26;14(5):6339â47.
20. Gopalakrishna G, Choo P, Leo YS, Tay BK, Lim YT, Khan AS, et al. SARS Transmission and Hospital Containment. Emerg Infect Dis 2004;10:395â400.
21. #Masks4All: Cloth masks can help stop the spread of COVID-19, save lives and restore jobs. Disponibile a: https://masks4all.co. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
22. Carter H, Drury J, Rubin GJ, Williams R, Amlot R. Communication during mass casualty decontamination: highlighting the gaps. Int J Emerg Serv 2013;2:29â48.
23. Applying Crowd Psychology to Develop Recommendations for the Management of Mass Decontamination | Health Security. Disponibile a: www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/hs.2014.0061. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
24. Drury J, Carter H, Cocking C, Ntontis E, Tekin Guven S, AmlĂ´t R. Facilitating Collective Psychosocial Resilience in the Public in Emergencies: Twelve Recommendations Based on the Social Identity Approach. Front Public Health 2019;7:141.
2. Fondazione GIMBE. Mascherina per tutti? La scienza dice sĂŹ. Evidence 2020;12(4): e1000208. Disponibile a: www.evidence.it/mascherine. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
3. World Health Organisation. Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19. Disponibile a: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/332293/WHO-2019-nCov-IPC_Masks-2020.4-eng.pdf. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
4. Bourouiba L. Turbulent Gas Clouds and Respiratory Pathogen Emissions: Potential Implications for Reducing Transmission of COVID-19 [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 26]. JAMA.
5. Verma S, Dhanak M, Frankenfield J. Visualizing the effectiveness of face masks in obstructing respiratory jets. Phys Fluids (1994). 2020;32(6):061708.
6. Morawska L, Cao J. Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: The world should face the reality. Environ Int. 2020;139:105730.
7. Leclerc QJ, Fuller NM, Knight LE; CMMID COVID-19 Working Group, Funk S, Knight GM. What settings have been linked to SARS-CoV-2 transmission clusters?. Wellcome Open Res. 2020;5:83.
8. Prather KA, Wang CC, Schooley RT. Reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Science 2020;368:1422â4.
9. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Transmission of COVID-19. Disponibile a: www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/latest-evidence/transmission. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
10. Offeddu V, Yung CF, Low MSF, Tam CC. Effectiveness of Masks and Respirators Against Respiratory Infections in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65:1934-1942.
11. Chou R, Dana T, Jungbauer R, Weeks C, McDonagh MS. Masks for Prevention of Respiratory Virus Infections, Including SARS-CoV-2, in Health Care and Community Settings: A Living Rapid Review [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 24]. Ann Intern Med. 2020;M20-3213. Disponibile a: www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M20-3213. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
12. Perski O, Simons D, West R, Michie S. Face masks to prevent community transmission of viral respiratory infections: A rapid evidence review using Bayesian analysis. Qeios 2020 May 1. Disponibile a: www.qeios.com/read/1SC5L4. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
13. Chu DK, Akl EA, Duda S, Solo K, Yaacoub S, SchĂźnemann HJ, et al. Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2020;395:1973â87.
14. Payne DC, Smith-Jeffcoat SE, Nowak G, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Serologic Responses from a Sample of U.S. Navy Service Members â USS Theodore Roosevelt, April 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:714â721. Disponibile a: www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6923e4.htm. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
15. Mitze T, Kosfeld R, Rode J, Wälde K. Unmasked! The effect of face masks on the spread of COVID-19. VoxEU.org, 22 June 2020. Disponibile a: https://voxeu.org/article/unmasked-effect-face-masks-spread-covid-19. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
16. Zangmeister CD, Radney JG, Vicenzi EP, Weaver JL. Filtration Efficiencies of Nanoscale Aerosol by Cloth Mask Materials Used to Slow the Spread of SARS-CoV-2. ACS Nano 2020;14(7): 9188-9200. Disponibile a: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.0c05025. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
17. sarah.henderson@nist.gov. Face Coverings Made From Layered Cotton Fabric Likely Slow the Spread of COVID-19 Better Than Synthetics, New Study Finds. NIST. 2020. Disponibile a: www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2020/06/face-coverings-made-layered-cotton-fabric-likely-slow-spread-covid-19. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
18. MacIntyre CR, Seale H, Dung TC, Hien NT, Nga PT, Chughtai AA, et al. A cluster randomised trial of cloth masks compared with medical masks in healthcare workers. BMJ Open 2015;5:e006577.
19. Konda A, Prakash A, Moss GA, Schmoldt M, Grant GD, Guha S. Aerosol Filtration Efficiency of Common Fabrics Used in Respiratory Cloth Masks. ACS Nano. 2020 May 26;14(5):6339â47.
20. Gopalakrishna G, Choo P, Leo YS, Tay BK, Lim YT, Khan AS, et al. SARS Transmission and Hospital Containment. Emerg Infect Dis 2004;10:395â400.
21. #Masks4All: Cloth masks can help stop the spread of COVID-19, save lives and restore jobs. Disponibile a: https://masks4all.co. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
22. Carter H, Drury J, Rubin GJ, Williams R, Amlot R. Communication during mass casualty decontamination: highlighting the gaps. Int J Emerg Serv 2013;2:29â48.
23. Applying Crowd Psychology to Develop Recommendations for the Management of Mass Decontamination | Health Security. Disponibile a: www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/hs.2014.0061. Ultimo accesso: 4 agosto 2020.
24. Drury J, Carter H, Cocking C, Ntontis E, Tekin Guven S, AmlĂ´t R. Facilitating Collective Psychosocial Resilience in the Public in Emergencies: Twelve Recommendations Based on the Social Identity Approach. Front Public Health 2019;7:141.