Strategie per ridurre la ripetizione dei test di laboratorio nei pazienti ospedalizzati
Position Statement GIMBE
Strategie per ridurre la ripetizione dei test di laboratorio nei pazienti ospedalizzati
Fondazione GIMBEEvidence 2018;10(8): e1000185 doi: 10.4470/E1000185
Pubblicato: 14 settembre 2018
Copyright: © 2018 Fondazione GIMBE Questo è un articolo open-access, distribuito con licenza Creative Commons Attribution, che ne consente l’utilizzo, la distribuzione e la riproduzione su qualsiasi supporto esclusivamente per fini non commerciali, a condizione di riportare sempre autore e citazione originale.
1. 3° Rapporto GIMBE sulla sostenibilità del Servizio Sanitario Nazionale. Fondazione GIMBE: Bologna, giugno 2018. Disponibile a: www.rapportogimbe.it. Ultimo accesso: 14 settembre 2018
2. ISTAT. Il sistema dei conti della sanità per l’Italia: anni 2012-2016. Disponibile a: www.istat.it/it/files//2017/07/CS-Sistema-dei-conti-della-sanit%C3%A0-anni-2012-2016.pdf. Ultimo accesso: 14 settembre 2018
3. Ministero dell’Economia e delle Finanze. Dipartimento della Ragioneria Generale dello Stato. Il monitoraggio della spesa sanitaria. Rapporto n° 4. Roma, luglio 2017. Disponibile a: www.rgs.mef.gov.it/_Documenti/VERSIONE-I/Attivit--i/Spesa-soci/Attivit-monitoraggio-RGS/2017/IMDSS-RS2017.pdf. Ultimo accesso: 14 settembre 2018
4. Corte dei Conti. Rapporto 2018 sul coordinamento della finanza pubblica. Roma, 12luglio 2018. Disponibile a: www.corteconti.it/export/sites/portalecdc/_documenti/controllo/sezioni_riunite/sezioni_riunite_in_sede_di_controllo/2018/rapporto_coordinamento_fp_2018.pdf. Ultimo accesso: 14 settembre 2018
5. vanWalraven C, Naylor CD. Do we know what inappropriate laboratory utilization is? a systematic review of laboratory clinical audits. JAMA 1998;280:550-558.
6. Winkens R, Dinant GJ. Evidence base of clinical diagnosis: rational, cost effective use of investigations in clinical practice. BMJ 2002;324:783-785.
7. Stuebing EA, Miner TJ. Surgical vampires and rising health care expenditure: reducing the cost of daily phlebotomy. Arch Surg. 2011;146(5):524-527.
8. Languasco A, Cazap N, Marciano S, et al. Hemoglobin concentration variations over time in general medical inpatients. J Hosp Med 2010;5:283-288.
9. Koch CG, Li L, Sun Z, et al. Hospital-acquired anemia: prevalence, outcomes, and healthcare implications. J Hosp Med 2013;8:506-512.
10. Salisbury AC, Reid KJ, Alexander KP, et al. Diagnostic blood loss from phlebotomy and hospital-acquired anemia during acute myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 2011;171:1646-1653.
11. Thavendiranathan P, Bagai A, Ebidia A, Detsky AS, Choudhry NK. Do blood tests cause anemia in hospitalized patients? the effect of diagnostic phlebotomy on hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. J Gen Intern Med 2005;20:520-524.
12. Wong ET, McCarron MM, Shaw ST Jr. Ordering of laboratory tests in a teaching hospital: can it be improved? JAMA 1983;249:3076-3080.
13. Miyakis S, Karamanof G, Liontos M, Mountokalakis TD. Factors contributing to inappropriate ordering of tests in an academic medical department and the effect of an educational feedback strategy. Postgrad Med J 2006;82:823-829.
14. Sedrak MS, Patel MS, Ziemba JB, et al. Residents’ self-report on why they order perceived unnecessary inpatient laboratory tests. J Hosp Med 2016;11:869-872.
15. Society of Hospital Medicine—Adult Hospital Medicine: five things physicians and patients should question. Choosing Wisely website. www.choosingwisely.org/societies/society-of-hospital-medicine-adult. Published February 21,2013. Accessed July 7, 2017.
16. Internal Medicine: five things physicians and patients should question. Choosing Wisely Canada website. www.choosingwiselycanada.org/internal-medicine. Published April 2, 2014. Accessed July 7, 2017.
17. Critical Care Societies Collaborative—Critical Care: five things physicians and patients should question. Choosing Wisely website. www.choosingwisely.org/societies/critical-care-societies-collaborative-critical-care. Published January 28, 2014. Accessed 7 July 2017.
18. Rosenberg A, Agiro A, Gottlieb M, et al. Early trends among seven recommendations from the Choosing Wisely campaign. JAMA Intern Med 2015;175:1913-1920.
19. Eaton KP, Levy K, Soong C, Pahwa AK, Petrilli C, Ziemba JB, Cho HJ, Alban R, Blanck JF, Parsons AS.Evidence-Based Guidelines to Eliminate Repetitive Laboratory Testing. JAMA Intern Med. 2017;177:1833-1839.
20. Houben PH, Winkens RA, van derWeijden T, Vossen RC, Naus AJ, Grol RP. Reasons for ordering laboratory tests and relationship with frequency of abnormal results. Scand J Prim Health Care 2010;28:18-23.
21. Bruce CR, Fetter JE, Blumenthal-Barby JS. Cascade effects in critical care medicine: a call for practice changes. Am J RespirCrit Care Med 2013;188:1384-1385.
22. Forsman RW. Why is the laboratory an afterthought for managed care organizations? ClinChem 1996;42:813-816.
23. Ko A, Murry JS, Hoang DM, et al. High-value care in the surgical intensive care unit: effect on ancillary resources. J Surg Res 2016;202:455-460.
24. Procop GW, Yerian LM,Wyllie R, Harrison AM, Kottke-Marchant K. Duplicate laboratory test reduction using a clinical decision support tool. Am J ClinPathol 2014;141:718-723.
25. Konger RL, Ndekwe P, Jones G, et al. Reduction in unnecessary clinical laboratory testing through utilization management at a US government Veterans Affairs Hospital. Am J ClinPathol 2016;145:355-364.
26. Attali M, Barel Y, Somin M, et al. A cost-effective method for reducing the volume of laboratory tests in a university-associated teaching hospital. Mt Sinai J Med. 2006;73(5):787-794.
27. Vidyarthi AR, Hamill T, Green AL, Rosenbluth G, Baron RB. Changing resident test ordering behavior: a multilevel intervention to decrease laboratory utilization at an academic medical center. Am J Med Qual 2015;30:81-87.
28. Corson AH, Fan VS, White T, et al. A multifaceted hospitalist quality improvement intervention: decreased frequency of common labs. J Hosp Med. 2015;10:390-395.
29. Sadowski BW, Lane AB, Wood SM, Robinson SL, Kim CH. High-value, cost-conscious care: iterative systems-based interventions to reduce unnecessary laboratory testing. Am J Med 2017;130:1112e1-1112e7.
30. McDonald EG, Saleh RR, Lee TC. Mindfulness-based laboratory reduction: reducing utilization through trainee-led daily “time outs.†Am J Med. 2017;130:e241-e244.
31. Lee VS, Kawamoto K, Hess R, et al. Implementation of a value-driven outcomes program to identify high variability in clinical costs and outcomes and association with reduced cost and improved quality. JAMA 2016;316:1061-1072.
32. IamsW, Heck J, Kapp M, et al. A multidisciplinary house staff-led initiative to safely reduce daily laboratory testing. Acad Med 2016;91:813-820.
33. Salman M, Pike DC,Wu R, Oncken C. Effectiveness and safety of a clinical decision rule to reduce repeat ionized calcium testing: a pre/post test intervention. Conn Med 2016;80:5-10.
34. Yarbrough PM, Kukhareva PV, Horton D, Edholm K, Kawamoto K. Multifaceted intervention including education, rounding checklist implementation, cost feedback, and financial incentives reduces inpatient laboratory costs. J Hosp Med 2016;11:348-354.
35. Tawfik B, Collins JB, Fino NF, Miller DP Jr. House officer–driven reduction in laboratory utilization. South Med J 2016;109:5-10.
36. AlgazeCA,Wood M, Pageler NM, Sharek PJ, Longhurst CA, Shin AY. Use of a checklist and clinical decision support tool reduces laboratory use and improves cost. Pediatrics 2016;137:e20143019.
37. Minerowicz C, Abel N, Hunter K, Behling KC, Cerceo E, Bierl C. Impact of weekly feedback on test ordering patterns. Am J Manag Care 2015;21:763-768.
38. Silvestri MT, Bongiovanni TR, Glover JG, Gross CP. Impact of price display on provider ordering: a systematic review. J Hosp Med 2016;11:65-76.
39. Krasowski MD, Chudzik D, Dolezal A, et al. Promoting improved utilization of laboratory testing through changes in an electronic medical record: experience at an academic medical center. BMC Med Inform DecisMak 2015;15:11.
40. Thakkar RN, Kim D, Knight AM, Riedel S, Vaidya D, Wright SM. Impact of an educational intervention on the frequency of daily blood test orders for hospitalized patients. Am J ClinPathol 2015;143:393-397.
41. Newman DB, Siontis KC, Chandrasekaran K, Jaffe AS, Kashiwagi DT. Intervention to reduce inappropriate ionized calcium ordering practices: a quality-improvement project. Perm J 2015;19:49-51.
42. Erlingsdóttir H, Jóhannesson A, Ãsgeirsdóttir TL. Can physician laboratory-test requests be influenced by interventions? Scand JClin Lab Invest 2015;75:18-26.
43. Levick DL, Stern G, Meyerhoefer CD, Levick A, Pucklavage D. Reducing unnecessary testing in a CPOE system through implementation of a targeted CDS intervention. BMC Med Inform DecisMak. 2013;13:43.
44. Ellemdin S, Rheeder P, Soma P. Providing clinicians with information on laboratory test costs leads to reduction in hospital expenditure. S Afr Med J 2011;101:746-748.
45. Vegting IL, van Beneden M, Kramer MH, Thijs A, Kostense PJ, Nanayakkara PW. How to save costs by reducing unnecessary testing: lean thinking in clinical practice. Eur J Intern Med 2012;23:70-75.
46. May TA, Clancy M, Critchfield J, et al. Reducing unnecessary inpatient laboratory testing in a teaching hospital. Am J ClinPathol 2006;126:200-206.
47. Rosenbloom ST, Chiu KW, Byrne DW, Talbert DA, Neilson EG, Miller RA. Interventions to regulate ordering of serum magnesium levels: report of an unintended consequence of decision support. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2005;12:546-553.
48. Calderon-Margalit R, Mor-Yosef S, MayerM, Adler B, Shapira SC. An administrative intervention to improve the utilization of laboratory tests within a university hospital. Int J Qual Health Care 2005;17:243-248.
49. Bates DW, Kuperman GJ, Jha A, et al. Does the computerized display of charges affect inpatient ancillary test utilization? Arch Intern Med 1997;157:2501-2508.
50. Hollingworth GR, Bernstein RM, Viner GS, Remington JS, Wood WE. Prompting for cost-effective test ordering: a randomized controlled trial. Proc AnnuSympComputAppl Med Care 1995;635-639.
51. Spiegel JS, Shapiro MF, Berman B, Greenfield S. Changing physician test ordering in a university hospital: an intervention of physician participation, explicit criteria, and feedback. Arch Intern Med 1989;149:549-553.
52. Cummings KM, Frisof KB, Long MJ, Hrynkiewich G. The effects of price information on physicians’ test-ordering behavior: ordering of diagnostic tests. Med Care 1982;20:293-301.
53. Sedrak MS, Myers JS, Small DS, et al. Effect of a price transparency intervention in the electronic health record on clinician ordering of inpatient laboratory tests: the PRICE randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 2017;177:939-945.
54. Feldman LS, Shihab HM, Thiemann D, et al. Impact of providing fee data on laboratory test ordering: a controlled clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 2013;173:903-908.
55. Gonzales R, Boscardin C, Auerbach A. Communicating context in quality improvement reports. JAMA Intern Med 2017;177:817-818.
56. Roman BR, Yang A, Masciale J, Korenstein D. Association of attitudes regarding overuse of inpatient laboratory testing with health care provider type. JAMA Intern Med 2017;177:1205-1207.
57. Smith WR. Evidence for the effectiveness of techniques to change physician behavior. Chest 2000;118(suppl):8S-17S.
58. Goetz C, Rotman SR, Hartoularos G, Bishop TF. The effect of charge display on cost of care and physician practice behaviors: a systematic review. J GenInternMed 2015;30:835-842.
2. ISTAT. Il sistema dei conti della sanità per l’Italia: anni 2012-2016. Disponibile a: www.istat.it/it/files//2017/07/CS-Sistema-dei-conti-della-sanit%C3%A0-anni-2012-2016.pdf. Ultimo accesso: 14 settembre 2018
3. Ministero dell’Economia e delle Finanze. Dipartimento della Ragioneria Generale dello Stato. Il monitoraggio della spesa sanitaria. Rapporto n° 4. Roma, luglio 2017. Disponibile a: www.rgs.mef.gov.it/_Documenti/VERSIONE-I/Attivit--i/Spesa-soci/Attivit-monitoraggio-RGS/2017/IMDSS-RS2017.pdf. Ultimo accesso: 14 settembre 2018
4. Corte dei Conti. Rapporto 2018 sul coordinamento della finanza pubblica. Roma, 12luglio 2018. Disponibile a: www.corteconti.it/export/sites/portalecdc/_documenti/controllo/sezioni_riunite/sezioni_riunite_in_sede_di_controllo/2018/rapporto_coordinamento_fp_2018.pdf. Ultimo accesso: 14 settembre 2018
5. vanWalraven C, Naylor CD. Do we know what inappropriate laboratory utilization is? a systematic review of laboratory clinical audits. JAMA 1998;280:550-558.
6. Winkens R, Dinant GJ. Evidence base of clinical diagnosis: rational, cost effective use of investigations in clinical practice. BMJ 2002;324:783-785.
7. Stuebing EA, Miner TJ. Surgical vampires and rising health care expenditure: reducing the cost of daily phlebotomy. Arch Surg. 2011;146(5):524-527.
8. Languasco A, Cazap N, Marciano S, et al. Hemoglobin concentration variations over time in general medical inpatients. J Hosp Med 2010;5:283-288.
9. Koch CG, Li L, Sun Z, et al. Hospital-acquired anemia: prevalence, outcomes, and healthcare implications. J Hosp Med 2013;8:506-512.
10. Salisbury AC, Reid KJ, Alexander KP, et al. Diagnostic blood loss from phlebotomy and hospital-acquired anemia during acute myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 2011;171:1646-1653.
11. Thavendiranathan P, Bagai A, Ebidia A, Detsky AS, Choudhry NK. Do blood tests cause anemia in hospitalized patients? the effect of diagnostic phlebotomy on hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. J Gen Intern Med 2005;20:520-524.
12. Wong ET, McCarron MM, Shaw ST Jr. Ordering of laboratory tests in a teaching hospital: can it be improved? JAMA 1983;249:3076-3080.
13. Miyakis S, Karamanof G, Liontos M, Mountokalakis TD. Factors contributing to inappropriate ordering of tests in an academic medical department and the effect of an educational feedback strategy. Postgrad Med J 2006;82:823-829.
14. Sedrak MS, Patel MS, Ziemba JB, et al. Residents’ self-report on why they order perceived unnecessary inpatient laboratory tests. J Hosp Med 2016;11:869-872.
15. Society of Hospital Medicine—Adult Hospital Medicine: five things physicians and patients should question. Choosing Wisely website. www.choosingwisely.org/societies/society-of-hospital-medicine-adult. Published February 21,2013. Accessed July 7, 2017.
16. Internal Medicine: five things physicians and patients should question. Choosing Wisely Canada website. www.choosingwiselycanada.org/internal-medicine. Published April 2, 2014. Accessed July 7, 2017.
17. Critical Care Societies Collaborative—Critical Care: five things physicians and patients should question. Choosing Wisely website. www.choosingwisely.org/societies/critical-care-societies-collaborative-critical-care. Published January 28, 2014. Accessed 7 July 2017.
18. Rosenberg A, Agiro A, Gottlieb M, et al. Early trends among seven recommendations from the Choosing Wisely campaign. JAMA Intern Med 2015;175:1913-1920.
19. Eaton KP, Levy K, Soong C, Pahwa AK, Petrilli C, Ziemba JB, Cho HJ, Alban R, Blanck JF, Parsons AS.Evidence-Based Guidelines to Eliminate Repetitive Laboratory Testing. JAMA Intern Med. 2017;177:1833-1839.
20. Houben PH, Winkens RA, van derWeijden T, Vossen RC, Naus AJ, Grol RP. Reasons for ordering laboratory tests and relationship with frequency of abnormal results. Scand J Prim Health Care 2010;28:18-23.
21. Bruce CR, Fetter JE, Blumenthal-Barby JS. Cascade effects in critical care medicine: a call for practice changes. Am J RespirCrit Care Med 2013;188:1384-1385.
22. Forsman RW. Why is the laboratory an afterthought for managed care organizations? ClinChem 1996;42:813-816.
23. Ko A, Murry JS, Hoang DM, et al. High-value care in the surgical intensive care unit: effect on ancillary resources. J Surg Res 2016;202:455-460.
24. Procop GW, Yerian LM,Wyllie R, Harrison AM, Kottke-Marchant K. Duplicate laboratory test reduction using a clinical decision support tool. Am J ClinPathol 2014;141:718-723.
25. Konger RL, Ndekwe P, Jones G, et al. Reduction in unnecessary clinical laboratory testing through utilization management at a US government Veterans Affairs Hospital. Am J ClinPathol 2016;145:355-364.
26. Attali M, Barel Y, Somin M, et al. A cost-effective method for reducing the volume of laboratory tests in a university-associated teaching hospital. Mt Sinai J Med. 2006;73(5):787-794.
27. Vidyarthi AR, Hamill T, Green AL, Rosenbluth G, Baron RB. Changing resident test ordering behavior: a multilevel intervention to decrease laboratory utilization at an academic medical center. Am J Med Qual 2015;30:81-87.
28. Corson AH, Fan VS, White T, et al. A multifaceted hospitalist quality improvement intervention: decreased frequency of common labs. J Hosp Med. 2015;10:390-395.
29. Sadowski BW, Lane AB, Wood SM, Robinson SL, Kim CH. High-value, cost-conscious care: iterative systems-based interventions to reduce unnecessary laboratory testing. Am J Med 2017;130:1112e1-1112e7.
30. McDonald EG, Saleh RR, Lee TC. Mindfulness-based laboratory reduction: reducing utilization through trainee-led daily “time outs.†Am J Med. 2017;130:e241-e244.
31. Lee VS, Kawamoto K, Hess R, et al. Implementation of a value-driven outcomes program to identify high variability in clinical costs and outcomes and association with reduced cost and improved quality. JAMA 2016;316:1061-1072.
32. IamsW, Heck J, Kapp M, et al. A multidisciplinary house staff-led initiative to safely reduce daily laboratory testing. Acad Med 2016;91:813-820.
33. Salman M, Pike DC,Wu R, Oncken C. Effectiveness and safety of a clinical decision rule to reduce repeat ionized calcium testing: a pre/post test intervention. Conn Med 2016;80:5-10.
34. Yarbrough PM, Kukhareva PV, Horton D, Edholm K, Kawamoto K. Multifaceted intervention including education, rounding checklist implementation, cost feedback, and financial incentives reduces inpatient laboratory costs. J Hosp Med 2016;11:348-354.
35. Tawfik B, Collins JB, Fino NF, Miller DP Jr. House officer–driven reduction in laboratory utilization. South Med J 2016;109:5-10.
36. AlgazeCA,Wood M, Pageler NM, Sharek PJ, Longhurst CA, Shin AY. Use of a checklist and clinical decision support tool reduces laboratory use and improves cost. Pediatrics 2016;137:e20143019.
37. Minerowicz C, Abel N, Hunter K, Behling KC, Cerceo E, Bierl C. Impact of weekly feedback on test ordering patterns. Am J Manag Care 2015;21:763-768.
38. Silvestri MT, Bongiovanni TR, Glover JG, Gross CP. Impact of price display on provider ordering: a systematic review. J Hosp Med 2016;11:65-76.
39. Krasowski MD, Chudzik D, Dolezal A, et al. Promoting improved utilization of laboratory testing through changes in an electronic medical record: experience at an academic medical center. BMC Med Inform DecisMak 2015;15:11.
40. Thakkar RN, Kim D, Knight AM, Riedel S, Vaidya D, Wright SM. Impact of an educational intervention on the frequency of daily blood test orders for hospitalized patients. Am J ClinPathol 2015;143:393-397.
41. Newman DB, Siontis KC, Chandrasekaran K, Jaffe AS, Kashiwagi DT. Intervention to reduce inappropriate ionized calcium ordering practices: a quality-improvement project. Perm J 2015;19:49-51.
42. Erlingsdóttir H, Jóhannesson A, Ãsgeirsdóttir TL. Can physician laboratory-test requests be influenced by interventions? Scand JClin Lab Invest 2015;75:18-26.
43. Levick DL, Stern G, Meyerhoefer CD, Levick A, Pucklavage D. Reducing unnecessary testing in a CPOE system through implementation of a targeted CDS intervention. BMC Med Inform DecisMak. 2013;13:43.
44. Ellemdin S, Rheeder P, Soma P. Providing clinicians with information on laboratory test costs leads to reduction in hospital expenditure. S Afr Med J 2011;101:746-748.
45. Vegting IL, van Beneden M, Kramer MH, Thijs A, Kostense PJ, Nanayakkara PW. How to save costs by reducing unnecessary testing: lean thinking in clinical practice. Eur J Intern Med 2012;23:70-75.
46. May TA, Clancy M, Critchfield J, et al. Reducing unnecessary inpatient laboratory testing in a teaching hospital. Am J ClinPathol 2006;126:200-206.
47. Rosenbloom ST, Chiu KW, Byrne DW, Talbert DA, Neilson EG, Miller RA. Interventions to regulate ordering of serum magnesium levels: report of an unintended consequence of decision support. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2005;12:546-553.
48. Calderon-Margalit R, Mor-Yosef S, MayerM, Adler B, Shapira SC. An administrative intervention to improve the utilization of laboratory tests within a university hospital. Int J Qual Health Care 2005;17:243-248.
49. Bates DW, Kuperman GJ, Jha A, et al. Does the computerized display of charges affect inpatient ancillary test utilization? Arch Intern Med 1997;157:2501-2508.
50. Hollingworth GR, Bernstein RM, Viner GS, Remington JS, Wood WE. Prompting for cost-effective test ordering: a randomized controlled trial. Proc AnnuSympComputAppl Med Care 1995;635-639.
51. Spiegel JS, Shapiro MF, Berman B, Greenfield S. Changing physician test ordering in a university hospital: an intervention of physician participation, explicit criteria, and feedback. Arch Intern Med 1989;149:549-553.
52. Cummings KM, Frisof KB, Long MJ, Hrynkiewich G. The effects of price information on physicians’ test-ordering behavior: ordering of diagnostic tests. Med Care 1982;20:293-301.
53. Sedrak MS, Myers JS, Small DS, et al. Effect of a price transparency intervention in the electronic health record on clinician ordering of inpatient laboratory tests: the PRICE randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 2017;177:939-945.
54. Feldman LS, Shihab HM, Thiemann D, et al. Impact of providing fee data on laboratory test ordering: a controlled clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 2013;173:903-908.
55. Gonzales R, Boscardin C, Auerbach A. Communicating context in quality improvement reports. JAMA Intern Med 2017;177:817-818.
56. Roman BR, Yang A, Masciale J, Korenstein D. Association of attitudes regarding overuse of inpatient laboratory testing with health care provider type. JAMA Intern Med 2017;177:1205-1207.
57. Smith WR. Evidence for the effectiveness of techniques to change physician behavior. Chest 2000;118(suppl):8S-17S.
58. Goetz C, Rotman SR, Hartoularos G, Bishop TF. The effect of charge display on cost of care and physician practice behaviors: a systematic review. J GenInternMed 2015;30:835-842.