Modelli organizzativi alternativi al ricovero ospedaliero per i pazienti con malattie acute
Position Statement GIMBE
Modelli organizzativi alternativi al ricovero ospedaliero per i pazienti con malattie acute
Antonino Cartabellotta, Renata Gili, Claudio Beltramello, Carlo DescovichEvidence 2017;9(10): e1000175 doi: 10.4470/E1000175
Pubblicato: 28 dicembre 2017
Copyright: © 2017 Cartabellotta et al. Questo è un articolo open-access, distribuito con licenza Creative Commons Attribution, che ne consente l’utilizzo, la distribuzione e la riproduzione su qualsiasi supporto esclusivamente per fini non commerciali, a condizione di riportare sempre autore e citazione originale.
1. 2° Rapporto GIMBE sulla sostenibilità del Servizio Sanitario Nazionale. Fondazione GIMBE: Bologna, giugno 2017. Disponibile a: www.rapportogimbe.it. Ultimo accesso: 28 dicembre 2017.
2. Cartabellotta A. Appropriatezza: istruzioni per l’uso. Guida al più ambito indicatore di qualità assistenziale (I).GIMBEnews 2009;1:4-5.
3. Rapporto ISTAT
4. Ministero della Salute. Decreto 2 aprile 2015, n. 70. Regolamento recante definizione degli standard qualitativi, tecnologici, strutturali e quantitativi relativi all’assistenza ospedaliera. GU Serie Generale n.127 del 4-6-2015. Disponibile a: www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2015/06/04/15G00084/sg%20. Ultimo accesso: 28 dicembre 2017.
5. Ministero della Salute. Rapporto SDO 2016. Disponibile a: www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pubblicazioni_2651_allegato.pdf. Ultimo accesso: 28 dicembre 2017
6. Cartabellotta A. Standard ospedalieri: uno strumento per garantire uniformità ed equità dell’assistenza. Evidence 2015;7(12): e1000125
7. Aujesky D, Roy PM, Verschuren F, et al. Outpatient versus inpatient treatment for patients with acute pulmonary embolism: an international, open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2011;378:41-48.
8. Leff B, Burton L, Mader SL, et al. Hospital at home: feasibility and outcomes of a program to provide hospital-level care at home for acutely ill older patients. Ann Intern Med 2005;143:798-808.
9. Farkouh ME, Smars PA, Reeder GS, et al; Chest Pain Evaluation in the Emergency Room (CHEER) Investigators. A clinical trial of a chest-pain observation unit for patients with unstable angina. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1882-1888.
10. Wilson A, Parker H,Wynn A, et al. Randomised controlled trial of effectiveness of Leicester hospital at home scheme compared with hospital care. BMJ 1999;319:1542-1546.
11. Deliberazione della Giunta Regionale n. 85-13580 della Regione Piemonte. Attività di continuità assistenziale: organizzazione e remunerazione delle attività di assistenza specialistica di ospedalizzazione domiciliare. Disponibile a: www.regione.piemonte.it/governo/bollettino/abbonati/2010/14/attach/dgr_13580_830_16032010.pdf. Ultimo accesso: 28 dicembre 2017.
12. AimoninRicauda N, Tibaldi V, Bertone P, Chiusano V, Piano S, Grillo S, Rocco M, Marinello R, Isaia GC. L'ospedalizzazione a domicilio. Geriatria 2011; Suppl.Vol.XXIII(1):53-62
13. Ministero della Salute. Documento di proposta di aggiornamento delle linee guida sul triage intraospedaliero 2016. Disponibile a: www.sanita24.ilsole24ore.com/pdf2010/Editrice/ILSOLE24ORE/QUOTIDIANO_SANITA/Online/_Oggetti_Correlati/Documenti/2016/03/31/TRIAGE.pdf?uuid=ACZLR0wC. Ultimo accesso: 28 dicembre 2017
14. Conley J, O'Brien CW, Leff BA, Bolen S, Zulman D. Alternative Strategies to InpatientHospitalization for Acute Medical Conditions: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med 2016;176:1693-1702.
15. Kung J, Chiappelli F, Cajulis OO, et al. From systematic reviews to clinical recommendations for evidence-based health care: validation of Revised Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (R-AMSTAR) for grading of clinical relevance. Open Dent J 2010;4:84-91.
16. OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group. The Oxford Levels of Evidence 2. Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Disponibile a: www.cebm.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/CEBM-Levels-of-Evidence-2.1.pdf. Ultimo accesso: 28 dicembre 2017.
17. ZondagW, den Exter PL, Crobach MJ, et al; Hestia Study Investigators. Comparison of two methods for selection of out of hospital treatment in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. ThrombHaemost 2013;109:47-52.
18. Piran S, Le Gal G,Wells PS, et al. Outpatient treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thromb Re. 2013;132:515-519.
19. Vinson DR, Zehtabchi S, Yealy DM. Can selected patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary embolism be safely treated without hospitalization? a systematic review. Ann Emerg Med 2012;60: 651-662.e4.
20. Squizzato A, Galli M, Dentali F, Ageno W. Outpatient treatment and early discharge of symptomatic pulmonary embolism: a systematic review. EurRespir J 2009;33:1148-1155.
21. Lane B, Harrison M. Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary: outpatient treatment for patients with uncomplicated above knee deep vein thrombosis. J AccidEmerg Med 2000;17:403-404.
22. Mamtani M, Conlon LW. Can we safely discharge low-risk patients with febrile neutropenia from the emergency department? Ann Emerg Med 2014;63:48-51.
23. Carstensen M, Sørensen JB. Outpatient management of febrile neutropenia: time to revise the present treatment strategy. J Support Oncol 2008;6:199-208.
24. Chalmers JD, Akram AR, Hill AT. Increasing outpatient treatment of mild community-acquired pneumonia: systematic review and meta-analysis. EurRespir J 2011;37:858-864.
25. Brims FJ, Maskell NA. Ambulatory treatment in the management of pneumothorax: a systematic review of the literature. Thorax 2013;68:664-669.
26. Jackson JD, Hammond T. Systematic review: outpatient management of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2014;29:775-781.
27. Stewart A. Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. BET 2: do all patients presenting to the emergency department with renal colic require hospital admission? EmergMed J 2012;29:1015-1016.
28. Gupta S, Sukhal S, Agarwal R, Das K. Quick diagnosis units - an effective alternative to hospitalization for diagnostic workup: a systematic review. J HospMed. 2014;9(1):54-59.
29. Qaddoura A, Yazdan-Ashoori P, Kabali C, et al. Efficacy of hospital at home in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015;10:e0129282.
30. Varney J,Weiland TJ, Jelinek G. Efficacy of hospital in the home services providing care for patients admitted from emergency departments: an integrative review. Int J Evid Based Healthc 2014;12:128-141.
31. Caplan GA. Ameta-analysis of “hospital in the home.†Med J Aust 2013;198:195-196.
32. Shepperd S, Doll H, Angus RM, et al. Avoiding hospital admission through provision of hospital care at home: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data. CMAJ 2009;180:175-182.
33. Jeppesen E, Brurberg KG, Vist GE, et al. Hospital at home for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database SystRev 2012;5:CD003573.
34. McCurdy BR. Hospital-at-home programs for patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): an evidence-based analysis. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser 2012;12:1-65.
35. Galipeau J, Pussegoda K, Stevens A, et al. Effectiveness and safety of short-stay units in the emergency department: a systematic review. AcadEmerg Med 2015;22:893-907.
36. Daly S, Campbell DA, Cameron PA. Short-stay units and observation medicine: a systematic review. Med J Aust. 2003;178:559-563.
37. CookeMW, Higgins J, Kidd P. Use of emergency observation and assessment wards: a systematic literature review. Emerg Med J 2003;20:138-142.
38. Goodacre SW. Should we establish chest pain observation units in the UK? a systematic review and critical appraisal of the literature. J AccidEmerg Med 2000;17:1-6.
39. Hogg K, Dawson D. Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary: outpatient investigation of pulmonary embolism. Emerg Med J 2003;20:370.
40. Janjua M, Badshah A, Matta F, Danescu LG, Yaekoub AY, Stein PD. Treatment of acute pulmonary embolism as outpatients or following early discharge: a systematic review. ThrombHaemost 2008;100:756-761.
41. de Lalla F. Outpatient therapy for febrile neutropenia: clinical and economic implications. Pharmacoeconomics 2003;21:397-413.
42. Flowers CR, Seidenfeld J, Bow EJ, et al. Antimicrobial prophylaxis and outpatient management of fever and neutropenia in adults treated for malignancy: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J ClinOncol 2013;31:794-810.
43. Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest. 2016;149:315-352.
44. Mandell LA,Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America; American Thoracic Society. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44(suppl 2):S27-S72.
45. MacDuff A, Arnold A, Harvey J; BTS Pleural Disease Guideline Group. Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: British Thoracic Society pleural disease guideline 2010. Thorax 2010;65(suppl 2):ii18-ii31.
46. Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9thed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2012;141(2 suppl):e419S-494S.
47. Stein PD, Hull RD, Matta F, Willyerd GL. Modest response in translation to home management of deep venous thrombosis. Am J Med 2010;123:1107-1113.
48. Smith SB, Geske JB, Kathuria P, et al. Analysis of national trends in admissions for pulmonary embolism. Chest 2016;150:35-45.
49. Dentali F, Di Micco G, Giorgi Pierfranceschi M, et al. Rate and duration of hospitalization for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in real-world clinical practice. Ann Med 2015;47:546-554.
50. Biondo S, Golda T, Kreisler E, et al. Outpatient versus hospitalization management for uncomplicated diverticulitis: a prospective, multicenter randomized clinical trial (DIVER Trial). Ann Surg 2014;259:38-44.
51. Karasaki T, Shintomi S, Nomura Y, Tanaka N, Saito H, Yoshida Y. Outcomes of outpatient treatment for primary spontaneous pneumothorax using a small-bore portable thoracic drainage device. ThoracCardiovascSurg 2014;62:516-520.
52. Vianello A, Savoia F, Pipitone E, et al. “Hospital at home†for neuromuscular disease patients with respiratory tract infection: a pilot study. Respir Care 2013;58:2061-2068.
53. Bosch X, Coloma E, Donate C, et al. Evaluation of unexplained peripheral lymphadenopathy and suspected malignancy using a distinct quick diagnostic delivery model: prospective study of 372 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014;93:e95.
54. Baugh CW, Venkatesh AK, Bohan JS. Emergency department observation units: a clinical and financial benefit for hospitals. Health Care Manage Rev 2011;36:28-37.
55. Baugh CW, Venkatesh AK, Hilton JA, Samuel PA, Schuur JD, Bohan JS. Making greater use of dedicated hospital observation units for many short-stay patients could save $3.1 billion a year. Health Aff (Millwood) 2012;31:2314-2323.
56. Harris M, Bhatti Y, Darzi A. Does the country of origin matter in health care innovation diffusion? JAMA. 2016;315:1103-1104.
57. Mulley AG Jr. The global role of health care delivery science: learning from variation to build health systems that avoid waste and harm. J Gen Intern Med2013;28(suppl 3):S646-S653.
2. Cartabellotta A. Appropriatezza: istruzioni per l’uso. Guida al più ambito indicatore di qualità assistenziale (I).GIMBEnews 2009;1:4-5.
3. Rapporto ISTAT
4. Ministero della Salute. Decreto 2 aprile 2015, n. 70. Regolamento recante definizione degli standard qualitativi, tecnologici, strutturali e quantitativi relativi all’assistenza ospedaliera. GU Serie Generale n.127 del 4-6-2015. Disponibile a: www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2015/06/04/15G00084/sg%20. Ultimo accesso: 28 dicembre 2017.
5. Ministero della Salute. Rapporto SDO 2016. Disponibile a: www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pubblicazioni_2651_allegato.pdf. Ultimo accesso: 28 dicembre 2017
6. Cartabellotta A. Standard ospedalieri: uno strumento per garantire uniformità ed equità dell’assistenza. Evidence 2015;7(12): e1000125
7. Aujesky D, Roy PM, Verschuren F, et al. Outpatient versus inpatient treatment for patients with acute pulmonary embolism: an international, open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2011;378:41-48.
8. Leff B, Burton L, Mader SL, et al. Hospital at home: feasibility and outcomes of a program to provide hospital-level care at home for acutely ill older patients. Ann Intern Med 2005;143:798-808.
9. Farkouh ME, Smars PA, Reeder GS, et al; Chest Pain Evaluation in the Emergency Room (CHEER) Investigators. A clinical trial of a chest-pain observation unit for patients with unstable angina. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1882-1888.
10. Wilson A, Parker H,Wynn A, et al. Randomised controlled trial of effectiveness of Leicester hospital at home scheme compared with hospital care. BMJ 1999;319:1542-1546.
11. Deliberazione della Giunta Regionale n. 85-13580 della Regione Piemonte. Attività di continuità assistenziale: organizzazione e remunerazione delle attività di assistenza specialistica di ospedalizzazione domiciliare. Disponibile a: www.regione.piemonte.it/governo/bollettino/abbonati/2010/14/attach/dgr_13580_830_16032010.pdf. Ultimo accesso: 28 dicembre 2017.
12. AimoninRicauda N, Tibaldi V, Bertone P, Chiusano V, Piano S, Grillo S, Rocco M, Marinello R, Isaia GC. L'ospedalizzazione a domicilio. Geriatria 2011; Suppl.Vol.XXIII(1):53-62
13. Ministero della Salute. Documento di proposta di aggiornamento delle linee guida sul triage intraospedaliero 2016. Disponibile a: www.sanita24.ilsole24ore.com/pdf2010/Editrice/ILSOLE24ORE/QUOTIDIANO_SANITA/Online/_Oggetti_Correlati/Documenti/2016/03/31/TRIAGE.pdf?uuid=ACZLR0wC. Ultimo accesso: 28 dicembre 2017
14. Conley J, O'Brien CW, Leff BA, Bolen S, Zulman D. Alternative Strategies to InpatientHospitalization for Acute Medical Conditions: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med 2016;176:1693-1702.
15. Kung J, Chiappelli F, Cajulis OO, et al. From systematic reviews to clinical recommendations for evidence-based health care: validation of Revised Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (R-AMSTAR) for grading of clinical relevance. Open Dent J 2010;4:84-91.
16. OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group. The Oxford Levels of Evidence 2. Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Disponibile a: www.cebm.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/CEBM-Levels-of-Evidence-2.1.pdf. Ultimo accesso: 28 dicembre 2017.
17. ZondagW, den Exter PL, Crobach MJ, et al; Hestia Study Investigators. Comparison of two methods for selection of out of hospital treatment in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. ThrombHaemost 2013;109:47-52.
18. Piran S, Le Gal G,Wells PS, et al. Outpatient treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thromb Re. 2013;132:515-519.
19. Vinson DR, Zehtabchi S, Yealy DM. Can selected patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary embolism be safely treated without hospitalization? a systematic review. Ann Emerg Med 2012;60: 651-662.e4.
20. Squizzato A, Galli M, Dentali F, Ageno W. Outpatient treatment and early discharge of symptomatic pulmonary embolism: a systematic review. EurRespir J 2009;33:1148-1155.
21. Lane B, Harrison M. Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary: outpatient treatment for patients with uncomplicated above knee deep vein thrombosis. J AccidEmerg Med 2000;17:403-404.
22. Mamtani M, Conlon LW. Can we safely discharge low-risk patients with febrile neutropenia from the emergency department? Ann Emerg Med 2014;63:48-51.
23. Carstensen M, Sørensen JB. Outpatient management of febrile neutropenia: time to revise the present treatment strategy. J Support Oncol 2008;6:199-208.
24. Chalmers JD, Akram AR, Hill AT. Increasing outpatient treatment of mild community-acquired pneumonia: systematic review and meta-analysis. EurRespir J 2011;37:858-864.
25. Brims FJ, Maskell NA. Ambulatory treatment in the management of pneumothorax: a systematic review of the literature. Thorax 2013;68:664-669.
26. Jackson JD, Hammond T. Systematic review: outpatient management of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2014;29:775-781.
27. Stewart A. Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. BET 2: do all patients presenting to the emergency department with renal colic require hospital admission? EmergMed J 2012;29:1015-1016.
28. Gupta S, Sukhal S, Agarwal R, Das K. Quick diagnosis units - an effective alternative to hospitalization for diagnostic workup: a systematic review. J HospMed. 2014;9(1):54-59.
29. Qaddoura A, Yazdan-Ashoori P, Kabali C, et al. Efficacy of hospital at home in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015;10:e0129282.
30. Varney J,Weiland TJ, Jelinek G. Efficacy of hospital in the home services providing care for patients admitted from emergency departments: an integrative review. Int J Evid Based Healthc 2014;12:128-141.
31. Caplan GA. Ameta-analysis of “hospital in the home.†Med J Aust 2013;198:195-196.
32. Shepperd S, Doll H, Angus RM, et al. Avoiding hospital admission through provision of hospital care at home: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data. CMAJ 2009;180:175-182.
33. Jeppesen E, Brurberg KG, Vist GE, et al. Hospital at home for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database SystRev 2012;5:CD003573.
34. McCurdy BR. Hospital-at-home programs for patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): an evidence-based analysis. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser 2012;12:1-65.
35. Galipeau J, Pussegoda K, Stevens A, et al. Effectiveness and safety of short-stay units in the emergency department: a systematic review. AcadEmerg Med 2015;22:893-907.
36. Daly S, Campbell DA, Cameron PA. Short-stay units and observation medicine: a systematic review. Med J Aust. 2003;178:559-563.
37. CookeMW, Higgins J, Kidd P. Use of emergency observation and assessment wards: a systematic literature review. Emerg Med J 2003;20:138-142.
38. Goodacre SW. Should we establish chest pain observation units in the UK? a systematic review and critical appraisal of the literature. J AccidEmerg Med 2000;17:1-6.
39. Hogg K, Dawson D. Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary: outpatient investigation of pulmonary embolism. Emerg Med J 2003;20:370.
40. Janjua M, Badshah A, Matta F, Danescu LG, Yaekoub AY, Stein PD. Treatment of acute pulmonary embolism as outpatients or following early discharge: a systematic review. ThrombHaemost 2008;100:756-761.
41. de Lalla F. Outpatient therapy for febrile neutropenia: clinical and economic implications. Pharmacoeconomics 2003;21:397-413.
42. Flowers CR, Seidenfeld J, Bow EJ, et al. Antimicrobial prophylaxis and outpatient management of fever and neutropenia in adults treated for malignancy: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J ClinOncol 2013;31:794-810.
43. Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest. 2016;149:315-352.
44. Mandell LA,Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America; American Thoracic Society. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44(suppl 2):S27-S72.
45. MacDuff A, Arnold A, Harvey J; BTS Pleural Disease Guideline Group. Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: British Thoracic Society pleural disease guideline 2010. Thorax 2010;65(suppl 2):ii18-ii31.
46. Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9thed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2012;141(2 suppl):e419S-494S.
47. Stein PD, Hull RD, Matta F, Willyerd GL. Modest response in translation to home management of deep venous thrombosis. Am J Med 2010;123:1107-1113.
48. Smith SB, Geske JB, Kathuria P, et al. Analysis of national trends in admissions for pulmonary embolism. Chest 2016;150:35-45.
49. Dentali F, Di Micco G, Giorgi Pierfranceschi M, et al. Rate and duration of hospitalization for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in real-world clinical practice. Ann Med 2015;47:546-554.
50. Biondo S, Golda T, Kreisler E, et al. Outpatient versus hospitalization management for uncomplicated diverticulitis: a prospective, multicenter randomized clinical trial (DIVER Trial). Ann Surg 2014;259:38-44.
51. Karasaki T, Shintomi S, Nomura Y, Tanaka N, Saito H, Yoshida Y. Outcomes of outpatient treatment for primary spontaneous pneumothorax using a small-bore portable thoracic drainage device. ThoracCardiovascSurg 2014;62:516-520.
52. Vianello A, Savoia F, Pipitone E, et al. “Hospital at home†for neuromuscular disease patients with respiratory tract infection: a pilot study. Respir Care 2013;58:2061-2068.
53. Bosch X, Coloma E, Donate C, et al. Evaluation of unexplained peripheral lymphadenopathy and suspected malignancy using a distinct quick diagnostic delivery model: prospective study of 372 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014;93:e95.
54. Baugh CW, Venkatesh AK, Bohan JS. Emergency department observation units: a clinical and financial benefit for hospitals. Health Care Manage Rev 2011;36:28-37.
55. Baugh CW, Venkatesh AK, Hilton JA, Samuel PA, Schuur JD, Bohan JS. Making greater use of dedicated hospital observation units for many short-stay patients could save $3.1 billion a year. Health Aff (Millwood) 2012;31:2314-2323.
56. Harris M, Bhatti Y, Darzi A. Does the country of origin matter in health care innovation diffusion? JAMA. 2016;315:1103-1104.
57. Mulley AG Jr. The global role of health care delivery science: learning from variation to build health systems that avoid waste and harm. J Gen Intern Med2013;28(suppl 3):S646-S653.